译林2003课标版《Reading(2)：My university life》集体备课教案设计

译林2003课标版《Reading(2)：My university life》集体备课教案优质课下载

During the ad breaks, a man often asks a woman to explain the plot and tell him where the relationship between the characters is going. He is unable, unlike women, to read the subtle body language signals that reveal how the characters are feeling emotionally. Since women originally spent their days with the other women and children in the group, they developed the ability to communicate successfully in order to maintain relationships. For a woman, speech continues to have such a clear purpose: to build relationships and make friends. For men, to talk is to relate the facts.

Men see the telephone as a communication tool for sending facts and information to other people, but a woman sees it as a means of bonding. A woman can spend two weeks on vacation with her girlfriend and, when she returns home, telephone the same girlfriend and talk for another two hours.

There is no convincing evidence that social conditioning, the fact that girls' mothers talked to them more, is the reason why girls talk more than boys. Psychiatrist Dr Michael Lewis, author Social Behaviour and Language Acquisition, conducted experiments that found mothers talked to and looked at, baby girls more often than baby boys. Scientific evidence shows parents res the brain bias of their children. Since a girl’s brain is better organized to send and receive speech, we therefore talk to them more. Consequently, mothers who try to talk to their sons are usually pointed to receive only short grunts in reply.

Question: Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A. Women Are Socially Trained to Talk B. Talking Maintains Relationships

C. Women Love to Talk D. Men Talk Differently from Women

Passage 2 (2013江苏卷B篇)

We've considered several ways of paying to cut in line：hiring line standers, buying tickets from scalpers(票贩子)，or purchasing line-cutting privileges directly from，say，an airline or an amusement park. Each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue(waiting your turn)with the morals of the market(paying a price for faster service)．

Markets and queues—paying and waiting—are two different ways of allocating things，and each is appropriate to different activities. The morals of the queue，“First come, first served，” have an egalitarian(平等主义的)appeal. They tell us to ignore privilege，power，and deep pockets.

The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops. But the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions. If I put my house up for sale, I have no duty to accept the first offer that comes along, simply because it's the first. Selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities，properly governed by different standards.

Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply. Think of the recorded message you hear，played over and over，as you wait on hold when calling your bank：“Your call will be answered in the order in which it was received.”This is essential for the morals of the queue. It's as if the company is trying to ease our impatience with fairness.

But don't take the recorded message too seriously. Today, some people's calls are answered faster than others. Call center technology enables companies to “score” incoming calls and to give faster service to those that come from rich places. You might call this telephonic queue jumping.

Of course，markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things. Some goods we distribute by merit，others by need，still others by chance. However，the tendency of markets to replace queues，and other non-market ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore. It is striking that most of the paid queue-jumping schemes we've considered—at airports and amusement parks, in call centers, doctors' offices, and national parks—are recent developments, scarcely imaginable three decades ago. The disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern，but these are not the only places that markets have entered.

Question: The passage is meant to ________.

A．justify paying for faster services B．discuss the morals of allocating things

C．analyze the reason for standing in line D．criticize the behavior of queue jumping

Passage 3 (2016江苏卷B篇)

Chimps(黑猩猩) will cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct (本能) to help one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children, who are able from a young age to gather their own food.

In the laboratory, chimps don’t naturally share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no great effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage, he will pull at random ---he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.

Human children, on the other hand, are naturally cooperative. From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of experiments with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an worried adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.

There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally possessed in young children. One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train children to behave socially. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence develops?in?children?before?their?general?cognitive (认知的) skills, at?least?when?compared?with?chimps.In?tests?conducted?by?Tomasello,?the?children? did?no?better?than?the?chimps?on?the?physical?world?tests,?but?were?considerably? better?at?understanding?the?social?world.

The core of what children’s minds have and chimps’ don’t is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality. Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a “we”, a group that intends to work toward a shared goal.

Question: The passage is mainly about _____.

A. the helping behaviors of young children

B. ways to train children’s shared intentionality