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三．语法专项：定语从句： 1.概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
2.引导定语从句的关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose等。
3.关系代词在定语从句中的语法功能：可作主语、宾语、定语等。指人时：who/ that（作主语），who/ whom/ that（作宾语），whose（作定语）；指物时：that/ which（既可作主语，也可作宾语）。
注意：关系代词that既可指人，又可指物。指人时可与who互换，指物时可与which互换。
4.只能用that作关系代词的情况：（1）当先行词是序数词或被最高级修饰时；
（2）当先行词是all, much. little, few, something, anything, everything, nothing, none等不定代词时；
（3）当先行词前面有all, no, little, few, any等词修饰时；
（4）当先行词被the only, the last, the very等修饰时；
（5）当先行词既有人又有物时；
（6）当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。
5.只能用which作关系代词的情况：（1）关系代词前有介词时；（2）先行词本身为that, those时。
注意：当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词的单复数形式保持一致。
定语从句练习
两个简单句合并成定语从句；
定语从句单项选择；
【中考链接】
1. Studying in groups is a popular way ___ can develop students’ ability.
A. which? ? B. what?? ??C. who ?D. whom?? ?(2015 吉林长春)
2. Language learning isn’t hard itself. The attitude _________ you have decides if you can learn it well at least.
A. what B. who?C. which? (2015 黑龙江哈尔滨)
3. My sister sent me a novel ____ is written by Guo Jingming on my 15th birthday.
A. who? ? B. which??C. what? ? D. when (2015 新疆乌鲁木齐)
4. Everyone _________ has been to Shanghai says it is a modern city.
A. why? B. whose C. who D. which (2015 山东德州)
5. Confucius was a famous philosopher (哲学家) ___ has influenced the world greatly.??
A. whose ? B. whom? C. which ? ? ? ?D. who (2015 湖北黄石)
6. Doraemon is a lovely robot cat _________ plays an important role in the 3-D film Stand By Me Doraemon.
A. who B. whose ?C. whom (2015 福建漳州)
7. —Why don’t you like fishing?
—Fishing is a hobby _________ needs much patience, but I’m not patient at all.