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注：在改为一般疑问句时，把have/has提前到句首；在改为否定句时，在have/has后加not。
三、时间状语或关键词
1、already, yet, just, ever, never,before等。
2、for+时间段，since+过去的时间。
（对此结构划线提问用How long）
3、so far, up till now（到目前为止）
4、in the last/past+时间段（在过去的多长时间里）
四、常见的短暂性动词
come----go buy----sell
borrow----lend open----close
die, begin, become, join, end, leave等
注：have been to也不能与for+时间段连用。
五、专题训练
I、选择题
（ ）1. The Harry Porter books pretty popular since they were published.
A. become B. will become C. have become D. are becoming
（ ）2. The volunteers a lot of help to the community for nearly ten years.
A. offered B. will offer C. are offering D. have offered
（ ）3. Look! The snow . Let’s go out to make a snowman.
A. stops B. has stopped C. is stopping D. stopped
（ ）4. Mr. Brown is not in his office. He the library.
A. will go to B. is going to C. has been to D. has gone to
II、句型转换
1. The film began five minutes ago.
=The film for five minutes.
2. Sam’s grandpa died 3 years ago.
=Sam’s grandpa for 3 years.
3. My brother joined the army 2 years ago.
=My brother the army for 2 years.
4. Alice began to learn Chinese when she was ten years old.