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Non-defining relative clauses

When a relative clause merely describes an object without having the function of defining or identifying to which object the speaker or writer is referring, the clause must be placed between commas. Such a clause can be called a non-defining or non-limiting relative clause, i.e., a non-defining relative clause gives extra information about a noun or noun phrase and has commas at both ends.(非限定性定语从句和先行词关系松散，只是对先行词做附加说明，如果省去，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。非限定性定语从句和主句之间用逗号隔开。)

The door, which was bright red, was very conspicuous.

My sister, who lives in Beijing, is coming to stay with me next week. (‘who lives in Beijing’ is not essential, which means that I only have one sister and she does not need to be defined by the relative clause)

‘Who’ and ‘whose’ are used for people. ‘Which’ and ‘whose’ are used for things. ‘That’ cannot be used in a non-defining relative clause.

Step 2: Understanding the differences between defining and non-defining relative clause

My sister, who is studying German, wants to travel to Switzerland.

The?girl?(who,?whom,?that)?you?saw?at?the?meeting?is?a?well-known?swimmer.

Mr. Henry, whom we will meet tomorrow, will be our guide.

His uncle, to whom we send a birthday card every year, is ninety-one years old.

Is?that?the?student?to?whom?you?lent?your?dictionary?

Wang Hong has a cat which follows her everywhere.

The package that arrived last night is on the table.

The TV set in the corner, which is covered in books, is mine.

He?lives?in?Boston,?which?is?only?half?an?hours?ride?from?here.

My cousin, whose family lives in Europe, will visit us for a few weeks.

He?is?the?very?worker?whose?picture?we?saw?in?the?newspaper?yesterday.

The tree, the branches of which overhung the street, was covered with blossoms.

高考链接

1. New York, ____ last year, is a nice old city. (2003北京)

A. that I visited B. which I visited C. where I visited D. in which I visited

2. ---It’s thirty years since we last met. (2006四川)

---But I still remember the story, believe it or not, ___ we got lost on a rainy night.

A. which B. that C. what D. none

3. I have many friends, some are businessmen.(2005 山西)