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定语从句

知识点详情

定语从句知识点包括定语从句的关系词、限制性和非限制性定语从句、as/which 引导非限制性定语从句时的区别等部分,有关定语从句的详情如下:

定语从句的关系词

1.关系代词的用法

 

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

他就是想见你的那个人吗?

I know a boy whose father is an acrobat.

我认识一个男孩,他父亲是杂技演员。

Can you show me the photo which/that was taken in the West Lake?

你能让我看看那张在西湖拍的照片吗?

2.关系副词的用法

(1)when 引导定语从句的用法。当先行词是表示时间的名词(如time, day, year, month, week等),且关系词在从句中作时间状语时,定语从句用when 引导。when 可以用“介词+which”替换。如:

I still remember the time when I was in college.

我仍然记得我上大学的那段时光。

I have forgotten the exact date when(=on which)this country became independent.

我忘记这个国家独立的确切日期了。

(2)where 引导定语从句的用法。当先行词是表示具体地点的名词(如place, room, mountain, airport等)或抽象地点的名词(如case, state, condition, point, situation等),且关系词在从句中作地点状语时,定语从句用where 引导。where 可以用“介词+which”替换。如:

This is the hotel where (=in which) they stayed.

这就是他们住的旅馆。

We have reached a point where a change is needed.

我们到了必须改一改的地步。

(3)why 引导定语从句的用法。当先行词是表示原因的名词reason,且引导词在从句中作原因状语时,定语从句用why 引导。why 可以用for which 替换,why 只能引导限制性定语从句。如:

This is the reason why (=for which) he left hurriedly.

这就是他匆匆离去的原因。

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用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于关系词在从句中所作的成分,若关系词在从句中作状语,则用关系副词,否则用关系代词。如:

I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.

我永远不会忘记和你一起工作的日子。

I'll never forget the days that/which I spent in the countryside.

我永远不会忘记在乡下度过的日子。

3.关系代词用that 不用which的情况

(1)当先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, much, few, little, none 等不定代词时。如:

I told him all that I know.

我把我所知道的都告诉了他。

Is there anything that I can do for you?

我有什么可以为你做的吗?

(2)当先行词为序数词或被序数词,the only, the very, the last, the next, 形容词的最高级等修饰时。如:

The second place (that) I want to visit is Shanghai.

我第二个想参观的地方是上海。

My necklace is not the only thing that is missing.

我丢掉的不仅是我的项链。

This is the very man that I want to see.

这正是我想见的那个人。

(3)当先行词中既有人又有物时。如:

The writer and his novels that you have just talked about are really well known.

你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。

(4)当主句是以who, which 或 what 开头的特殊疑问句时。如:

Who is the boy that helped you?

帮你忙的那个男孩儿是谁?

限制性和非限制性定语从句

1.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句概述

(1)限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的一部分,若去掉,主句的内容就不完整,意义也会发生改变。从句和主句的关系十分密切,两者之间不可用逗号隔开。如:

She has found the necklace (that) she lost two weeks ago.

她找到了那条两周前丢失的项链。

(2)非限制性定语从句是先行词的一个补充说明。没有它,主句也能独立存在;非限制性定语从句和主句的关系并

不是很密切,它与主句常用逗号隔开。如:

He has two sisters, who are working in the city.

他有两个姐姐,她们在城里工作。

2.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别

区别

限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句

存在形式

与主句之间不用逗号隔开

与主句之间一般用逗号隔开

功能

对先行词进行限定、修饰。如果去掉,剩余部分的意义便不完整、不明确

对先行词作附加说明,去掉后,句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整、明确

先行词

名词(词组)

名词(词组)或整个主句

引导词

所有的关系代词/副词

which, as 及关系副词

翻译

常译成前置定语

常译成并列分句

This is the house (which) we bought last month.

这是我们上个月买的那座房子。(限制性定语从句)

The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.

这座房子很漂亮,它是我们上个月买的。(非限制性定语从句)

as/which 引导非限制性定语从句时的区别

1.as 引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词一般为整个主句;而which 引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词既可以是整个主句又可以是主句的一部分。试比较:

She is always working hard, as everyone can see.

正如大家所看到的,她工作一直很努力。

The book, which I bought yesterday, is very instructive.

这本书很有教育意义,是我昨天买的。

2.as 引导的从句位置比较灵活,可位于先行词之前、之中和之后,而which 引导的从句仅能位于先行词之后。试比较:

As everyone can see, she is honest.

她的诚实是大家有目共睹的。

She is honest, which everyone can see.

她的诚实是大家有目共睹的。

3.as 引导非限制性定语从句时常译为“正如”,而which 常译为“这,那”。如:

As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

众所周知,吸烟有害健康。

Tom suddenly fell ill,which made us very sad.

汤姆突然病倒了,这让我们很伤心。

典型例题
【第1题】  

1.The number of smokers,            is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.

2.My friend showed me around the town,             was very kind of him.

3.We live in an age              more information is available with greater ease than ever before.

4.Sales director is a position              communication ability is just as important as sales.

5.—What about the meal at the dinner party yesterday, Bob?

—Oh, it was the best one             I had ever had.

6.It is the third time that she has won the race,              has surprised us all.

7.After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,             urgently needed clean water,medicine and shelter to survive.

8.Between the two parts of the concert is an interval,              the audience can buy ice­cream.

9.A lot of language learning,              has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.

10.Your speech given at the meeting,              everyone is taking into careful consideration, means much to us all.

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