常见的if型省略结构、v.­ing(短语)作主语的用法等重点句型详解

常见的if型省略结构、v.­ing(短语)作主语的用法等重点句型详解知识点包括常见的if型省略结构、v.­ing(短语)作主语的用法、which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别、过去分词(短语)作定语的用法、way(方式，方法)后定语的常见形式、“have＋宾语＋宾补(done)”结构、there＋be...结构、“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构的几种常见形式、as引导的状语从句、不定式短语作原因状语用法等部分，有关常见的if型省略结构、v.­ing(短语)作主语的用法等重点句型详解的详情如下：

常见的if型省略结构

So whati is he difference between them,if any?

如果有的话，那么它们之间有什么区别呢？

(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是what is the difference between them；if any是从句。

(2)if any意为“如果有的话”，是if there is any的省略形式，属于if型省略结构。

I don't think there will be more than a dozen left，if any.

我认为即使还有的话也不会超过十几个。

[思维拓展]

常见的if型省略结构：

(1)if＋形容词：if necessary(如果有必要的话)

if possible(如果有可能的话)

(2)if＋过去分词：即在if与分词之间省略了主语和be

(3)if＋not：if not可视为一个否定的条件状语从句的省略

(4)if＋so：如果这/那样的话

(5)if＋代词：if anyone，if any，if anything等

(6)if＋ever：表示“若有过的话”

v.­ing(短语)作主语的用法

Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.

了解一点英国历史将有助于你解决这个难题。

(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。句子的主语是Getting to know a little bit about British history，属于动名词作主语。

(2)v.­ing(短语)作主语的用法

　

Having a balanced diet is very important.

拥有均衡的饮食非常重要。

Reading aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language.

大声朗读对我们学习外语是非常重要的。

It is no use crying over spilt milk.

覆水难收。

[思维拓展]

v．­ing(短语)作主语时用it作形式主语的常见句型：

　

It is a waste of time arguing with him.

和他争辩是浪费时间。

I think it is no good reading in bed.

我认为在床上看书没有好处。

It is worth seeing the movie for another time.

这部影片值得再看一次。

which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别

Finally，in the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK，which resulted in the full name we have today：the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离英国，形成了今天的全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。

(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK，后面是which引导的非限制性定语从句，其中又包含了定语从句we have today，修饰先行词the full name，因先行词the full name在后面的定语从句中作have的宾语，所以省略了关系代词that/which。

(2)该句中，which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的整个句子。which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别在于：

①as引导非限制性定语从句可位于句首、句中、句尾，位置灵活，而which引导的非限制性定语从句可位于句尾、句中，但不能位于句首。

As we all know，Taiwan belongs to China.

我们都知道，台湾属于中国。

(as在定语从句中作宾语，该定语从句也可以放到主句之后)

The sports meeting was put off，which astonished us.

运动会被延期了，这令我们很震惊。

(which在定语从句中作主语，该定语从句不能置于句首)

(2)as常用于be known(expected)，announced，reported，shown等结构中表示“正如”的意思；而which引导的定语从句通常对主句内容起消极作用，或用于否定意义的从句，或者表示从句是主句所产生的结果。

As is known to all，he is often late.

我们都知道，他经常迟到。

They didn't come to school on time，which made their teacher very angry.

他们没有按时到校，这让他们的老师很生气。

He was late this morning，which had not been expected by any of us.

今早他迟到了，此事我们谁都没料到。

He won the championship，which excited everyone present.

他获得了冠军，在场的所有人都很激动。

过去分词(短语)作定语的用法

They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence.

他们使用同样的旗帜，被称为“英国国旗”，也有相同的货币和军事防御。

(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。known as the Union Jack是过去分词短语作后置定语。

(2)过去分词(短语)作定语的用法：

 

 

 

 

 

 

A balanced diet provides nutrition for your body.

均衡的饮食为你的身体提供营养。

Have you read the novels written by Dickens(＝which were written by Dickens)?

你读过狄更斯写的小说吗？

way(方式，方法)后定语的常见形式

They introduced the beginnings of the English language，and changed the way people built houses.

他们介绍了英语的起源，改变了人们建造房屋的方式。

(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。people built houses是定语从句，修饰先行词the way。

(2)way(方式，方法)后定语的常见形式：

There are many ways of learning a language.

学习语言的方法有很多种。

This way to get the task done is not practical.

完成该任务的这一方法不实用。

The way (which/that) you told me last Sunday worked well.

上周日你告诉我的那个方法很管用。

The way (that/in which) you treat your children is not wise.

你对待孩子的方法不明智。

“have＋宾语＋宾补(done)”结构

They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system.

他们在英国各地建造了城堡，并对法律制度进行了修改。

(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。句中的had castles built...是“have＋宾语＋宾补(done)”结构。

(2)“have＋宾语＋宾补(done)”结构

①表示“请/让别人做某事”。

I'll have my bike repaired tomorrow.

我明天得(请人)修一下我的自行车。

②表示“经历或遭遇(一些不好的事)”。

She had her computer stolen the other day.

前几天她的电脑被偷了。

③表示“完成/解决某事”，此时主语也可能是过去分词所表示的动作的执行者。

When will you have your homework handed in?

你什么时候交家庭作业？

[易混辨析]

have sth. done, have sb. do, have sb. doing

have sth. done	让/叫/使/请别人做某事。宾语sth.后面用过去分词作宾语补足语，sth.与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系。
have sb. do	让某人做某事。do与sb.是主动关系。
have sb. doing	让/叫/使某人一直做某事。doing与sb.是主动关系。

there＋be...结构

There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom.

关于英国有趣的历史和文化还有很多需要了解。

(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。There is/are...意为“有……”。

(2)在英文写作中，要表达汉语意思“(在某处)有某人做某事”，常使用句型there＋be...结构。可是由于英汉语言差异，此句型使用时常容易出错。现归纳：there be＋主语＋doing...

例如：每天放学后，有很多同学在操场打篮球。

There are many students playing basketball on the playground after school every day.

＝There are many students who play basketball on the playground after school every day.

[思维拓展]

(1)常考的“there be”句型的其他形式变化有：there seems to be/happens to be/appears to be/used to be/be likely to be。例如：

There seems to be something wrong with it.

它好像有什么问题。

There happened to be a villager whom we could ask the way.

碰巧有一个村民，我们可以向他问路。

(2)“there be”中的be动词可以替换成其他的词。如：live，remain，come，stand，lie，occur，exist，follow等。

There occurred/existed human beings about 4－10 million years ago.

大约400万－1 000万年前就出现了人类。

make＋宾语＋宾补”结构的几种常见形式

Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable.

学习这个国家的历史将使你的游览更加愉快。

(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。主语是Studying the history of the country，make your visit much more enjoyable是make的复合宾语结构：“make＋宾语＋宾补”。

(2)“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构的几种常见形式：

①make＋名词/代词＋不带 to 的不定式。当该结构用于被动语态时，不定式符号 to 要还原。如：

Every day my parents make me have an egg.

＝Every day I am made to have an egg by my parents.

我爸妈每天要我吃一个鸡蛋。

②make＋名词/代词＋过去分词。过去分词与宾语(名词/代词)之间是被动关系，且分词动作已完成。值得注意的是，不能用现在分词作宾补。如：

His actions made him universally respected.

他的行为使他广受尊敬。

③make＋名词/代词＋形容词。表示“使某人或某物变得……”。如：

We must make the room clean.

我们必须把房间打扫干净。

④make＋名词/代词＋名词。表示“使某人或某物成为……”，如果宾补是表示独一无二的职位或头衔的名词，则其前不用冠词。如：

Make your enemy your friend.

化敌为友。

We made Tom captain.

我们让汤姆当船长。

⑤当宾语是不定式或从句时，多用 it 作形式宾语，把真正的宾语后置，即：make it＋宾补＋真正的宾语。如：

The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out.

大雨使得我们无法出去。

as引导的状语从句

The capital city London is a great place to start，as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.

首都伦敦是一个很好的起点，因为它是一个古老的港口城市，它的历史可以追溯到罗马时代。

(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是The capital city London is a great place to start；后面是as引导的原因状语从句，其中又包含了that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词city；dating all the way back to Roman times是现在分词短语作后置定语。

(2)as引导原因状语从句

as引导原因状语从句时意为“因为，由于”，此时as相当于since，常用来表示已为人们所知或显而易见的原因或理由。

As he was tired，he went to bed at once.

因为累了，所以他立即就去睡了。

Everyone likes you as you are both kind and honest.

人人都喜欢你，因为你既善良又诚实。

[思维拓展]

as还可以引导以下几种状语从句：

 

When in Rome do as the Romans do.

入乡随俗。(方式状语从句)

As I began my own personal weight programme，I was filled with the fear that I would run into the same difficulties that beat me before.

当我开始实施自己的减肥计划时，我很担心会再次遇到之前导致我减肥失败的困难。(时间状语从句)

Happy as they were，there was something missing.

尽管他们很快乐，但缺少点儿什么。(让步状语从句)

Child as he is，he knows a lot.

尽管他是个孩子，但是他知道很多东西。(让步状语从句，注意：Child前不用冠词)

John came as early as Mary (did)．

约翰和玛丽来得一样早。(比较状语从句)

The task is not as hard as I thought.

这项任务没有我想象的那么困难。(比较状语从句)

(3)现在分词作定语用法点拨：

 

The sleeping baby is my nephew.

正在睡觉的婴儿是我的外甥。

They are building a road leading into the mountains.

他们正在修一条通往山里的路。

不定式短语作原因状语用法

If you keep your eyes open，you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.

如果你留心观察，你会惊奇地发现你能看到它的过去和现在。

(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。If you keep your eyes open是if引导的条件状语从句；that you can see both its past and its present是that引导的宾语从句作动词find的宾语。

(2)句中不定式短语to find...作原因状语。不定式短语作原因状语用法浅析：

①形容词多是表示情感、感觉或心理活动的happy, pleased, surprised 等。

②不定式的逻辑主语一般为句子的主语，若不是，则在不定式前加上其自身的主语；如果强调不定式动作先于谓语动作或谓语所表示的状态，则不定式用完成式。

We are very happy to cooperate with you in this project.

在此项目中与你们合作，我们非常高兴。

He is very glad for his son to have made such great progress.

儿子取得了非常大的进步，他高兴极了。

Anxious to know the exam result, I went to school early.

由于急于知道考试结果，我早早就去了学校。